Paper arXiv:2611.12288 · cs.SE · Submitted · PDF ↗
Research paper
ForgeSystem: An Architecture for Demand-Specific Artefact Production with AI Agents
Qingfeng He, Zhui Zhu, Yaojian Chen, Shangzhan Li, Leshan Li, Tingjian Zhang, Qian Xie, Yuxuan Li, Xu Han, Zhiyuan Liu
Abstract
General-purpose software serves many different demands, but this flexibility costs performance and efficiency on any specific demand. Software tailored to a specific demand avoids these losses, yet developing it requires substantial time and effort from human experts. AI agents offer an alternative: they can design, implement and test artefacts tailored to individual demands. We call this production paradigm Forge. Forging for a demand is economically justified when the cumulative benefit of specialisation exceeds the total cost of construction, verification and maintenance. To make Forge a repeatable production process, we propose ForgeSystem, which consists of a control layer, a forge loop and a recursive self-improvement (RSI) loop. The control layer selects which artefact serves each demand and decides which demands to forge, when to forge them and from which starting point; the forge loop iterates between production and verification until a candidate artefact passes verification; and the RSI loop draws on accumulated production records to supply starting points, refine the harness and train models. We implement ForgeSystem for training frameworks, decoding megakernels and individual computational kernels. Forged training engines reach 1.047-1.332x the model-FLOPs utilisation of their reference frameworks, forged megakernels achieve a geometric-mean decoding speedup of 1.21x over SGLang across thirteen configurations, and forged kernels match or exceed expert libraries in eighteen of twenty-two configurations, while satisfying task-specific quality requirements. Controlled comparisons show that explicit quality requirements steer agents towards optimisations that preserve training quality. We also discuss a gradual transition to Forge through service routing, and how demand-specific production may shift value accumulation and trust towards production systems.
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